Shiloh Chapel, outside of Durham, was built between 1896-1897 by the Reverend Frank W. Sandford.

Later the chapel was expanded to create a U-shaped structure to include 520 rooms, a hospital, and a small school. Around 1900 Sanford proclaimed to take the role of the prophet Elijah, and that he was "the Restorer of all things."

Sandford was convicted with involuntary manslaughter in 1904, and again in 1911, for abuses at the community and served six years in the federal penitentiary.